Kerala, aptly nicknamed ‘God’s Own Country,’ offers travellers an enchanting blend of pristine backwaters, lush hill stations, spice-scented air, and golden beaches that stretch endlessly along the Arabian Sea coast. This southwestern Indian state has consistently ranked among the world’s top travel destinations, with National Geographic naming it one of the “50 must-see places of a lifetime”. From the misty tea plantations of Munnar to the tranquil houseboats gliding through Alleppey’s backwaters, Kerala presents a tapestry of experiences that cater to every type of traveller.
What makes Kerala truly unique is its incredible diversity packed into a relatively small area. You can wake up amidst rolling tea gardens in the Western Ghats, spend your afternoon cruising through coconut palm-lined canals, and end your day watching the sunset from a cliff-top café. The state’s rich cultural heritage, world-renowned Ayurvedic treatments, and warm hospitality add layers of depth to any visit. Whether you’re seeking adventure in wildlife sanctuaries, spiritual solace in ancient temples, or simply a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of city life, Kerala delivers experiences that linger in your memory long after you’ve returned home.
This comprehensive guide will take you through Kerala’s ten most spectacular destinations, each offering its own distinct character and attractions. We’ll help you understand what makes each place special, the best times to visit, where to stay, and how to make the most of your Kerala adventure
Why Kerala Should Be on Your Travel Bucket List
Kerala’s geography is nothing short of extraordinary. Within a few hours’ drive, you can transition from sea-level beaches to hill stations perched over 2,000 metres above sea level. The Western Ghats mountain range creates a dramatic backdrop along the state’s eastern border, giving rise to misty hill stations like Munnar and Wayanad where tea and spice plantations carpet the rolling hills. Meanwhile, the 590-kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea boasts some of India’s most beautiful beaches, from the bustling shores of Kovalam to the cliff-top paradise of Varkala. The famous backwaters, a network of interconnected rivers, lakes, and lagoons, create a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in the world. This 900-kilometre labyrinth of waterways supports traditional village life and offers visitors the chance to experience Kerala’s rural heartland from the comfort of traditional houseboats.
Rich Cultural Heritage and Traditions
Kerala’s cultural richness stems from its position as a historic trading hub where Arab, Chinese, Dutch, Portuguese, and British influences have blended with local traditions. This cultural fusion is evident in the state’s architecture, from the Chinese fishing nets dotting Fort Kochi’s coastline to the Portuguese-era churches and Dutch colonial buildings. The state’s performing arts, including Kathakali dance-drama and Mohiniyattam classical dance, continue to thrive alongside ancient martial arts like Kalaripayattu. Festivals in Kerala are spectacular affairs that showcase this cultural diversity. Onam, the state’s harvest festival, sees entire communities come together to create intricate flower carpets and feast on traditional Sadya meals served on banana leaves. Thrissur Pooram, with its magnificent elephant processions and traditional percussion performances, demonstrates Kerala’s temple festival traditions at their most grand.
World-class Ayurveda and Wellness Tourism
Kerala is recognised globally as the authentic home of Ayurveda, India’s ancient system of holistic medicine. The state’s climate, abundance of medicinal plants, and centuries-old tradition of Ayurvedic practice make it the ideal destination for wellness tourism. The monsoon season, from June to September, is considered particularly beneficial for Ayurvedic treatments as the humid climate helps the body absorb herbal oils more effectively. From luxury spa resorts in Kovalam to traditional treatment centres in Varkala, Kerala offers authentic Ayurvedic experiences that go beyond simple massages to include comprehensive detoxification programmes, stress management therapies, and personalised treatment plans based on individual body types.
1. Munnar – The Crown Jewel of Kerala Hill Stations
Tea Gardens and Scenic Beauty
Munnar stands as Kerala’s most celebrated hill station, where rolling hills carpeted in emerald tea plantations create some of India’s most photographed landscapes. Located 1,600 metres above sea level in the Western Ghats, Munnar’s scenic beauty is nothing short of breathtaking. The Kannan Devan Hills Plantation, managed by Tata Tea Company, offers visitors the chance to walk through meticulously maintained tea gardens while learning about the cultivation and processing of tea. The region’s tea estates, including the famous Kolukkumalai Tea Estate – the world’s highest tea plantation at 2,400 metres above sea level – provide stunning viewpoints and opportunities to witness traditional tea-making processes. Early morning visits reveal the tea gardens shrouded in mist, creating an ethereal atmosphere that photographers and nature lovers find irresistible.
Best Time to Visit and Weather
The ideal time to visit Munnar is from September to March when the weather remains pleasant with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. The post-monsoon period from October to December offers the clearest skies and best visibility for sightseeing and photography. Winter months (December to February) can be quite cool, especially in the evenings, making it perfect for those seeking respite from India’s heat. The monsoon season (June to September) transforms Munnar into a lush green paradise, though heavy rains can disrupt travel plans. However, this period is ideal for Ayurvedic treatments and offers a different kind of beauty with waterfalls at their most spectacular.
Top Attractions (Eravikulam National Park, Mattupetty Dam)
Eravikulam National Park, home to the endangered Nilgiri Tahr (mountain goat), is Munnar’s premier wildlife attraction. The park offers excellent trekking opportunities and houses Anamudi, South India’s highest peak at 2,695 metres. The park’s rolling grasslands and shola forests provide habitat for numerous bird species and offer panoramic views of the Western Ghats. Mattupetty Dam, surrounded by lush hills and tea plantations, is another must-visit attraction where visitors can enjoy boating and spot wildlife. The dam’s reservoir, created for water storage and power generation, has become a popular picnic spot with opportunities for photography and nature walks. Other notable attractions include the Tata Tea Museum, which showcases the history of tea cultivation in the region, Top Station offering breathtaking valley views, and Echo Point where visitors can enjoy the natural phenomenon of sound reverberation.
Where to Stay and Dining Options
Munnar offers accommodation options ranging from budget homestays to luxury resorts. Tea estate bungalows provide an authentic experience of staying amidst the plantations, while hilltop resorts offer panoramic valley views. Popular areas to stay include the town centre for easy access to attractions and the outskirts for peaceful, scenic locations. The town has numerous restaurants serving both local Kerala cuisine and North Indian dishes. Don’t miss trying the locally produced tea varieties and chocolates that Munnar is famous for. Many accommodations offer traditional Kerala meals, giving visitors a taste of authentic regional flavours.
2. Alleppey (Alappuzha) – Venice of the East
Famous Backwater Experiences
Alleppey, officially known as Alappuzha, is the undisputed capital of Kerala’s backwater tourism. This charming town has earned the nickname “Venice of the East” due to its intricate network of canals, rivers, and lakes that serve as highways for local transportation. The backwater experience here is unparalleled, offering visitors a glimpse into traditional Kerala village life while cruising through coconut palm-lined waterways. The town serves as the starting point for most backwater cruises, with routes extending through rice fields, traditional villages, and pristine natural areas where you can spot kingfishers, cormorants, and other water birds. The experience of gliding silently through these waterways, watching village life unfold along the banks, creates memories that last a lifetime.
Houseboat Stays and Pricing
Houseboat cruises are Alleppey’s signature experience, with options ranging from luxury floating palaces to budget-friendly traditional boats. Deluxe houseboats typically cost between ₹15,000-80,000 for overnight stays, with air conditioning available from 9 PM to 6 AM. Premium houseboats, priced at ₹20,000-95,000, offer full-time AC and upgraded interiors, while luxury houseboats range from ₹25,000-1,05,000 with premium amenities and personalised service. Day cruises are perfect for those with limited time, typically lasting 5-6 hours and priced between ₹6,000-15,000 depending on the boat category and group size. All packages include traditional Kerala meals, with lunch featuring rice, fish curry, vegetable dishes, and local specialities served on banana leaves.
Best Backwater Routes
The most popular route connects Alleppey to Kumarakom via Vembanad Lake, offering diverse scenery and excellent bird-watching opportunities. Other scenic routes include cruises through Kuttanad, Kerala’s rice bowl, where paddy fields lie below sea level, and trips to Chambakulam and Nedumudi, showcasing traditional coir-making and fishing communities. Each route offers unique experiences – from observing traditional Chinese fishing nets in operation to visiting local toddy shops and spice gardens. The interconnected network of waterways means cruises can be customised based on interests and time available.
3. Fort Kochi – Colonial Charm Meets Modern Culture
Historical Significance and Architecture
Fort Kochi represents a fascinating blend of European colonial heritage and traditional Kerala culture. This historic port area showcases architectural influences from Portuguese, Dutch, and British periods, creating a unique urban landscape. The area’s narrow streets are lined with colonial-era buildings, many now converted into boutique hotels, art galleries, and cafés. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a presence here in 1503, followed by the Dutch in 1663, and finally the British. Each colonial power left its architectural mark, creating the eclectic mix of styles visible today. Walking tours through the area reveal hidden courtyards, old churches, and heritage buildings that tell stories of Kerala’s cosmopolitan past.
Chinese Fishing Nets and Spice Markets
The iconic Chinese fishing nets (Cheenavala) have become Fort Kochi’s most recognisable symbol. These massive cantilevered fishing contraptions, introduced by Chinese traders in the 14th century, line the waterfront and create spectacular silhouettes against sunset skies. Each structure requires a team of six fishermen to operate and represents a fishing method found nowhere else in India except in Kochi and Kollam. The nearby spice markets continue Fort Kochi’s centuries-old trading tradition. Here, you can find cardamom, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and other aromatic spices that made Kerala famous along ancient trade routes. The markets offer visitors a sensory experience of colours, aromas, and flavours that define Kerala’s culinary heritage.
Art Galleries and Cultural Performances
Fort Kochi has evolved into Kerala’s cultural capital, hosting the renowned Kochi-Muziris Biennale, India’s largest international exhibition of contemporary art. The area’s numerous art galleries, housed in restored colonial buildings, showcase works by both established and emerging artists from India and abroad. Traditional art forms like Kathakali dance-drama and Kalaripayattu martial arts are performed regularly at cultural centres throughout Fort Kochi. These performances offer visitors authentic experiences of Kerala’s rich artistic traditions in intimate, atmospheric settings that enhance the cultural immersion.
4. Kovalam – Kerala’s Premier Beach Destination
Kovalam, located just 16 kilometres from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala’s capital, has been attracting international visitors since the 1930s and gained global fame during the hippie era of the 1970s. This crescent-shaped coastline comprises three adjacent beaches – Lighthouse Beach, Hawah Beach, and Samudra Beach – each offering its own distinct character and attractions. The 35-metre tall Vizhinjam Lighthouse, perched on Kurumkal Hill, gives Lighthouse Beach its name and provides panoramic views of the Arabian Sea coastline. This southernmost beach is the most popular and happening, lined with beach shacks serving fresh seafood, including the famous Karimeen Pollichathu (pearl-spot fish wrapped in banana leaves). The shallow waters and gentle waves make it perfect for swimming and water sports like surfing and parasailing. Kovalam has earned international recognition as a premier destination for Ayurvedic treatments and wellness tourism. The town hosts numerous certified Ayurvedic centres and spas offering traditional therapies, yoga classes, and meditation sessions. The combination of sea air, tropical climate, and authentic treatments creates an ideal environment for rejuvenation and healing.
5. Thekkady – Gateway to Periyar Wildlife
Thekkady, situated in the Idukki district, serves as the gateway to the renowned Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve. This hill station, located 257 kilometres from Trivandrum at an elevation of 900-1,800 metres, offers a perfect blend of wildlife experiences and spice plantation visits. The Periyar Tiger Reserve, spread across 777 square kilometres, is one of India’s premier wildlife destinations. The artificial lake created by the Mullaperiyar Dam in 1895 forms the heart of the sanctuary, attracting elephants, gaur (Indian bison), sambar deer, and numerous bird species to its shores. While tiger sightings are rare due to dense forest cover, the sanctuary offers excellent opportunities to spot elephants, especially during boat safaris on Periyar Lake. Thekkady is renowned for its spice plantations where visitors can experience the cultivation and processing of black pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves that made Kerala famous along historical spice routes. Guided plantation walks provide insights into sustainable farming practices and the opportunity to purchase fresh spices directly from growers.
6. Wayanad – Hill Station Paradise
Wayanad, nestled in the Western Ghats along the Kerala-Karnataka border, represents one of Kerala’s most pristine and unspoiled destinations. This mountainous district, with elevations ranging from 700 to 2,100 metres above sea level, is characterised by rolling hills, dense forests, spice plantations, and cascading waterfalls. Chembra Peak, standing at 2,100 metres, is Kerala’s highest point accessible to trekkers and offers breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding valleys. The trek to the summit passes through the famous heart-shaped lake, a natural formation that has become Instagram-famous among visitors.
The peak provides excellent opportunities for adventure enthusiasts and nature photographers. The district is home to two significant wildlife sanctuaries – Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (also known as Muthanga) and Tholpetty Wildlife Sanctuary – both forming part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. These protected areas harbour elephants, tigers, leopards, and over 300 bird species. Jeep safaris and guided nature walks offer excellent wildlife spotting opportunities. Edakkal Caves, featuring Neolithic rock art dating back over 8,000 years, provide fascinating insights into prehistoric human settlements in the region.
The petroglyphs include human figures, animals, and symbols that archaeologists believe represent some of the earliest forms of human expression in South India.
7. Kumarakom – Backwater Bliss
Kumarakom, situated on the eastern shore of Vembanad Lake, Kerala’s largest freshwater lake, offers a more serene alternative to the bustling backwater tourism of Alleppey. This cluster of islands, located 14 kilometres from Kottayam, forms part of Kuttanad region, often called the “Rice Bowl of Kerala,” where paddy fields lie several feet below sea level.
The village has gained international recognition through Arundhati Roy’s Booker Prize-winning novel “The God of Small Things,” which was set in nearby Ayemenem. The Taj Garden Retreat, built in a restored colonial bungalow once owned by the British Baker family, serves as the “History House” mentioned in the novel. Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary, spread across 14 acres on the shores of Vembanad Lake, attracts thousands of migratory birds from November to March, including Siberian storks, herons, egrets, and darters.
Early morning and evening hours offer the best bird-watching opportunities, making it a paradise for ornithologists and nature photographers. The backwater cruises from Kumarakom are typically more peaceful and less commercialised than those from Alleppey, offering intimate experiences of village life, traditional fishing methods, and the unique ecosystem of Kerala’s backwaters.
8. Varkala – Cliff-side Coastal Paradise
Varkala stands apart as Kerala’s only beach destination featuring dramatic red laterite cliffs rising 80 feet above the Arabian Sea. These ancient cliffs, known geologically as the “Varkala Formation,” contain sedimentary structures dating back 1.3 to 25 million years and have been declared a potential Geopark by UNESCO, making it India’s first such designation.
The cliff-top area is divided into North Cliff and South Cliff sections, each offering distinct experiences. North Cliff bustles with cafés, restaurants, shops, and guesthouses, creating a vibrant international atmosphere that attracts long-term travellers and digital nomads. South Cliff maintains a more peaceful, undeveloped character perfect for those seeking tranquillity. The beach below, also known as Papanasham Beach, holds religious significance for Hindus who believe that bathing in these waters washes away sins (papam).
The Janardanaswamy Temple, estimated to be 2,000 years old, overlooks the beach and hosts the Arattu festival twice yearly. Varkala has emerged as a premier destination for yoga, Ayurvedic treatments, and wellness tourism. The cliff-top location, sea breezes, and spiritual atmosphere create an ideal environment for meditation and healing practices.
9. Bekal – Historic Coastal Gem
Bekal, located in Kerala’s northernmost Kasaragod district, offers an off-the-beaten-path experience combining historic forts, pristine beaches, and backwater cruises. The star attraction is the imposing Bekal Fort, Kerala’s largest and best-preserved fort, built in 1650 by Shivappa Nayaka of the Keladi dynasty.
The keyhole-shaped fort, spread across 40 acres, offers spectacular views of the Arabian Sea from its observation tower. The fort’s strategic design includes hidden tunnels, water tanks, and ammunition magazines, showcasing medieval military architecture. The surrounding Bekal Beach, with its golden sands and casuarina trees, provides a perfect setting for the fort and has served as a filming location for several Bollywood movies.
Nearby attractions include Chandragiri Fort, perched on a hill overlooking the Payaswini River, and the unique Ananthapura Lake Temple, Kerala’s only lake temple, which was home to Babiya, a vegetarian crocodile who lived in the temple lake until 2022. The Valiyaparamba Backwaters offer a different backwater experience from the famous Alleppey-Kumarakom circuit, with fewer tourists and more opportunities to observe traditional fishing communities and mangrove ecosystems.
10. Trivandrum – Cultural Capital
Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala’s capital city, serves as the gateway to the state’s southern attractions while offering significant cultural and historical sites of its own. The city is home to the magnificent Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple, one of India’s richest temples, known for its intricate Dravidian architecture and strict entry protocols for non-Hindus.
The Napier Museum and Zoo complex showcases Kerala’s natural history, while the Kuthiramalika Palace Museum displays royal artifacts and traditional Kerala architecture. The city’s well-planned layout includes wide boulevards, government buildings, and educational institutions that give it a dignified, administrative character.
Trivandrum serves as an excellent base for exploring nearby attractions like Kovalam Beach, Ponmudi hill station, Neyyar Dam and Wildlife Sanctuary, and the Agasthyakoodam peak for trekking enthusiasts. The city’s international airport makes it a convenient entry point for visitors to Kerala’s southern region.
Transportation Between Destinations
Kerala has an excellent transportation network connecting all major destinations. The state’s well-maintained highway system makes road travel comfortable, with scenic routes through mountains, forests, and backwaters. Hiring a car with driver is the most flexible option, allowing stops at viewpoints and local attractions.
The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) operates regular bus services between all major destinations, offering both budget and luxury options. Train services connect major cities, with the Konkan Railway providing scenic coastal routes. For backwater destinations like Alleppey and Kumarakom, boat transfers add a unique dimension to travel, allowing visitors to experience the waterways while moving between locations.
Budget Planning and Costs
Kerala accommodates all budget levels, from backpacker hostels to luxury resorts. Budget travellers can expect to spend ₹1,000-2,000 per day including accommodation, meals, and local transport. Mid-range travellers should budget ₹3,000-6,000 per day for comfortable accommodation, restaurant meals, and private transport. Luxury experiences, including high-end resorts, premium houseboats, and Ayurvedic spa treatments, can cost ₹8,000-20,000 per day or more.
Costs vary significantly between peak season (December-January) and off-season periods. Activity costs vary: houseboat cruises (₹8,000-25,000 per day), wildlife safaris (₹300-1,500 per person), Ayurvedic treatments (₹2,000-8,000 per session), and cultural performances (₹200-500 per person).
Essential Kerala Travel Tips
What to Pack for Different Seasons
For winter visits (October-March), pack light cotton clothes for daytime and a light jacket for hill stations where temperatures can drop to 10°C. Comfortable walking shoes are essential for sightseeing and temple visits. Sunscreen, hat, and sunglasses protect against strong tropical sun.
Monsoon travel requires waterproof gear including rain jackets, umbrellas, and waterproof bags for electronics. Quick-dry clothing is practical, and extra shoes are recommended as footwear gets wet frequently. Insect repellent becomes more important during this humid season.
Summer travel calls for lightweight, breathable fabrics, extra sun protection, and plenty of water. Air-conditioned accommodation becomes essential in coastal areas during peak summer months.
Local Customs and Etiquette
Kerala’s diverse religious communities require sensitivity to local customs. When visiting temples, dress conservatively covering shoulders and legs, and remove shoes before entering. Many temples have strict entry restrictions for non-Hindus, so check before visiting.
During cultural performances like Kathakali or Theyyam, maintain silence and avoid flash photography unless permitted. These are sacred or traditional art forms deserving respectful observation. Bargaining is common in markets but not in government establishments or fixed-price shops. A smile and polite manner go far in interactions with locals, who are generally helpful and welcoming to tourists.
Must-try Foods at Each Destination
Each destination offers regional specialities: Munnar’s tea varieties and locally made chocolates; Alleppey’s fresh toddy (palm wine) and Kuttanadan duck curry; Fort Kochi’s fusion cuisine reflecting Portuguese and local influences; Kovalam’s fresh seafood and Karimeen Pollichathu; Thekkady’s spice-infused dishes and cardamom tea.
Don’t miss trying traditional Kerala Sadya (feast on banana leaf), appam with stew, puttu with kadala curry, and fish molee. Each region has its own preparation styles and local ingredients that create subtle variations in familiar dishes.
Vegetarians will find excellent options throughout Kerala, with dishes like sambar, rasam, avial (mixed vegetables in coconut), and various coconut-based curries forming the backbone of Kerala’s vegetarian cuisine.
Conclusion
Kerala truly lives up to its moniker as “God’s Own Country,” offering an incredible diversity of experiences within a compact area that can be comfortably explored in 7-14 days. From the mist-covered tea plantations of Munnar to the tranquil backwaters of Alleppey, from the historic charm of Fort Kochi to the cliff-top cafés of Varkala, each destination provides unique memories and experiences.
The state’s commitment to sustainable tourism, combined with its natural beauty and cultural richness, makes it an ideal destination for conscious travellers seeking authentic experiences. Whether you’re drawn by the promise of Ayurvedic healing, excited by wildlife encounters, fascinated by cultural performances, or simply seeking a tropical paradise to unwind, Kerala delivers beyond expectations. The warmth of Kerala’s people, the flavour of its cuisine, and the beauty of its landscapes create an irresistible combination that explains why so many visitors return again and again.
As you plan your Kerala journey, remember that each destination offers enough to warrant extended stays, so consider focusing on fewer places for deeper experiences rather than rushing through a checklist of attractions. Start planning your Kerala adventure today, and prepare to create memories that will last a lifetime in this truly magical corner of India where tradition and nature exist in perfect harmony.
